• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
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    • 专利摘要:
    Procedure for selecting illumination of polychrome surfaces (paintings, paintings, commercial objects and works of art) comprising the steps of: - define lighting criteria and parameterize the criteria according to the wavelength (for example, minimize radiation damage) - perform the measurement of the spectral reflectance ρ (λ) at each point of the polychrome surface as a function of the wavelength; - select the frequency spectral distribution that optimizes the criteria at each point. The invention also comprises a system for executing the method, comprising a light source (2), a detector system (3) of the reflected spectrum point-to-point, and a microprocessor (5) or the like. Finally, the invention also concerns a lighting device that illuminates with a spectral distribution obtained by the method. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2669819A1
    申请号:ES201631508
    申请日:2016-11-24
    公开日:2018-05-29
    发明作者:Daniel Vazquez Molini；Angel GARCIA BOTELLA；Antonio ALVAREZ FERNANDEZ-BALBUEVA；Hector CANABAL BOTUREIRA；Manuel IBAÑEZ MARTINEZ；Santiago MAYORGA PINILLA；Teresa GALAN CAÑESTRO
    申请人:Lledo Iluminacion SA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Procedure and system for selecting lighting on polychrome surfaces, and application device
    SECTOR OF THE TECHNIQUE
    The present invention relates to a method of selecting the illumination, space-spectrally, in objects with surfaces of differentiated color as it happens in commerce and in the elements of cultural heritage: bags, fabrics, ceramics, shoes, paintings, paintings and works of art in general: cave paintings, frescoes, scrolls, etc. In the case of store and commerce elements, the objective is the creation of light effects, such as highlighting the contrast, changing the color, etc. These effects can be static or dynamic, such as making the lake of the brand appear and disappear. In the case of cultural heritage objects, the objective will preferably be the minimization of damage, which is applicable when it is required to optimally illuminate an artistic or cultural work sensitive to excessive lighting. It is framed at the same time in the lighting and conservation sectors of the Cultural Heritage.
    More specifically, the invention relates to a system that allows lighting a work or object of special interest with an intensity distribution that is adjusted spatially and spectrally based on the required parameters, such as: spatial and spectral distribution of reflectances and absorbances of the object , color reproducibility, temperature variations, observer perception, improved contrast, improved visibility, decreased damage or deterioration of the object, simulation of different natural or artificial lighting conditions, etc.
    STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE
    In the cultural heritage conservation sector, the commitment between lighting and conservation is particularly relevant:
    The lighting of works of art poses a complex problem. On the one hand, it is necessary to resort to adequate lighting that allows the public a correct color perception of the same and on the other, the basic standards of conservation make it essential to reduce as much as possible the damage caused to the works by radiation to which they are subject to. These two needs, antagonistic in principle, can be reconciled.
    5 On the other hand, the complexity of the problem is exacerbated when we consider thehuge variety of possible works of art to illuminate: paintings made withdifferent materials and under different supports, textiles of very different nature,paper, photographic supports, incunabula, scrolls, stones or rocks of differentcharacteristics, different types of wood decorated with diverse materials, works
    10 in which polychromy predominates and others less rich in tonal distributions, etc.
    This very broad case prevents a solution that, in general, is applicable in all circumstances. In return, it is possible to propose an action protocol to be followed more or less systematically.
    15 In previous works, incipient solutions to the problem of lighting cave paintings have already been proposed. The solutions provided in these works were based on the debatable criteria proposed by Miller (Miller, J.V., "Evaluating fading characteristic 01 light sources', Nouvir Research Ca., Pasadena (1993)).
    The criterion that illuminates the least damage to a material is that whose spectral distribution coincides with the spectral reflectance curve of the illuminated object. Given the complexity and variety of the processes of interaction of radiation with matter, this statement should be validated for each particular material.
    The possibility of illuminating a frame by means of a special frame is presented in US Patent 8246229 82. This system is only applicable to frames mounted on a wall and does not contemplate any type of adjustment (neither spatial nor spectral) of the lighting to adapt it to the specific characteristics of the work.
    In EP 2528481 A1 a method for controlling a light source whose color is adjustable is presented. The invention focuses on the possibility of adjusting different chromatic parameters (saturation, color temperature), but does not contemplate the possibility of adjusting locally or adapting to the characteristics or
    35 specific requirements of the object to be illuminated.
     11-24-2016
    5 1st EP Patent 2528481 A1 refers to a method for controlling the color of a light source, focusing on the possibility of adjusting different color variables (saturation, color temperature), but does not have the possibility of spatial adjustments or adaptation to the specific characteristics or requirements of the object to be illuminated. In the article "Innovative Optimized Lighting Systems For Works Of Arts" published in the proceedings of the first conference of "Color and Light in Architecture 2010", a method is presented to illuminate works of art that allows to predict what the lighting will be able to guarantee the same perception of color that would be achieved with a reference source. The method focuses exclusively on the optimization of the chromatic variables of the lighting to, increasing the contrast, improve the visibility of certain details of the work.
    fifteen In 1986 Lafontaine proposed the use of color slides to restore works of art that had yellowed due to the action of light. Lafontaine, R.H. 1986. "Seeing through a yellow varnish: a compensating illumination system". Studies in Conservation 31 (3): 97-102. In this case the slides exerted a global color correction over the entire work and bathed it with a uniform white and yellowish light.
    20 25 Jens Stenger in "Conservation of a room: A treatment proposal for Mark Rothko's Harvard Murals", Studies in Conservation, vol O, n!:! O, pp1-14, proposes a point-to-point color correction system in which the lighting is done point to point, but the color calculation system only takes into account the image perceived by a digital camera, which is compared with an objective image obtained from original slides of the works.
    30 Also relevant are: Cuttle et al, "Damage to Museum objects Due to Light Exposure" Lighting Res. Technol., 28 (1), pp. 1-9, Jan. 1996. [-2] Cullle al, "Lighling Works 01 Art lor Exhibition and Conservation" Lighling Res. T echnol., 20 (2), pp. 43-53, Feb. 1988.
    BRIEF EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION
    35 The invention consists of a method of selecting lighting on polychrome heritage or commercial surfaces or any other space in which it is desired
    achieve the same effect, for example in an office or public space. Bags, accessories of all kinds, clothing, fabrics, decorative objects, paintings, paintings and works of art from museums, etc., a system to execute it and a lighting device resulting from the procedure, according to the claims, can be illuminated.
    The procedure and the system allow to select the spectral frequency distribution to optimize a series of criteria, mainly the chromatic or luminous contrast, or the damage that can be perceived or produced to the work. For its part, the device allows to illuminate a point-to-point object with a beam of light whose temporal, spatial and chromatic variation has been adjusted in such a way that it allows to optimize or meet the specific criteria required by the specialists responsible for lighting and / or conservation of the work.
    The system can be adjusted and / or optimized according to the characteristics of the work (such as shape, location in space, spatial distribution of reflectances and absorbances, characteristics of the materials of the work), conservation requirements (total temperature variations or relative, maximum radiation per unit area, presence of aggressive chemical compounds (C02, O2, ...) minimization of functional that quantify the damage in the work), exposure requirements (improvement of contrast, improvement of the general perception by the observer, highlighting particular details of the work, simulation of specific lighting conditions, or others). This adjustment will allow to radiate each point of the work with the optimal spectral distribution and amount of energy to achieve the objectives proposed in each case, and vary the lighting in time as the situation of the work and its environment is detected.
    Specifically, the selection procedure for lighting in paintings, paintings and works
    Museum art and other sensitive cultural heritage comprises the stages of:
    Define lighting criteria and parameterize the criteria based on
    the wavelength These can be defined before or after the stage
    following, and in particular can be reviewed at any time of the
    illumination.
    Perform the measurement of the spectral reflectance p () ..) at each point of the work
    artistic or cultural depending on the wavelength.
    Select the spectral frequency distribution point to point that optimizes
    the criteria. The optimization will be carried out with maximization or minimization of the different criteria, considering a specific variable weight, or even through exponential relationships.
    Preferably, one of the lighting criteria will be to minimize radiation damage to the work. A second possible criterion is to minimize the color contrast between the perceived and the existing in the original conditions of creation (torch or candle light, natural high-latitude or tropical light, etc.) as determined historically or at the discretion of the person responsible for The exhibition.
    The system that will execute the procedure must comprise a light source, a point-to-point reflected spectrum detector system, and a microprocessor or the like. If the light source cannot vary its wavelength, bandpass filters may be available to select the frequencies under study (emission and reception of the reflected light)
    The detector system may comprise at least one CCD camera, while the light source will preferably be a plurality of monochrome LEDs.
    The result of this procedure will be a lighting device that illuminates with a spectral distribution thus obtained and that obtains the optimum illumination, point to point, of each part of the object or of the work comprising the polychrome surface.
    Given an object exhibited in a shop window or a shelf inside a store, it can be made that it appears consecutively with the color range corresponding to its color as it would be perceived if it were illuminated by direct sunlight, or the shadow of an umbrella on a sunny day, or illuminated with a source of incandescent light. This series of illuminations would allow the client to appreciate and evaluate with better knowledge the qualities of the object he intends to acquire.
    Another use of the system may be as a means of claiming the attention of passersby in a given area. The previous color change, which can be accompanied by a digital change of decoration and atmosphere can capture the attention of passersby. Likewise, a certain lake can be made to appear or disappear from the surface of the objects following an established frequency that can be in line with a musical rhythm. This effect can be extended to all or part of the object, effects could even occur that camouflaged the object with its surroundings, altering the background of the environment and the object itself to make it appear and disappear. Spectrally selective point-to-point illumination can make certain textures and volumes of the object appear and stand out or dissimulate and go unnoticed. The range of possibilities that the system opens, thanks to the controlled and calculated alteration of the surface color of the objects, is practically unlimited and is in the hands of designers and publicists.
    DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    For a better understanding of the invention, the following figures are included.
    Figure 1: Schematic representation of an example spectral measurement device.
    Figure 2: an embodiment of a second example of a measuring device.
    Figure 3: example of filling measured at a point (i, j).
    Figure 4: A and B, graphic representation of two examples of functional as well as the spectral distribution of the illuminators obtained.
    EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
    Next, an embodiment of the invention will be briefly described as an illustrative and non-limiting example thereof.
    At the beginning of the procedure, a cultural or conservation choice must be made, which sets the criteria to be applied in the process. For example, it can be prioritized that the reproduction of the same resemble as much as possible when the author made the same, or that the perceived color range is maximum, or that the work suffers a minimum deterioration, or any other that deemed appropriate. The selection does not affect the stages of the procedure to be applied, although it does affect the operations performed in it. These criteria must be translated into objective and measurable optical parameters; for example, the resemblance to the original work can be fixed with the minimum distance in CIELAB units between the chromatic coordinates of the work and of a certain target (target), or the damage such as the minimization of the relative damage units according to the ICD Standard 157. Given that several criteria and objectives are usually involved, these should be prioritized using specific weights that highlight or cancel each of the parameters according to the importance established by those responsible for the exhibition, museum or entity responsible for the work . With this information we will proceed to the generation of an operational functional that can be automatically applied in the optimization programs of the spectral distribution appropriate to each point. The functional may be varied if an increase in deterioration is observed, for specific cases (taking pictures or videos) without having to repeat all the stages of the procedure.
    The process of the invention begins with a measurement of the spectral reflectance, that is to say how the light is reflected at each point of the work (1) to be illuminated according to the wavelength. Both the damage that occurs in a sample and the color that is present under a given illuminant depend on its spectral reflectance. To design a suitable illuminant, the first information that we must have on the sample to be illuminated is its spectral reflectance p ().,) At each point of the work. The spatial accuracy of such information will depend on the conditions of observation or the capacity of the projection system.
    Therefore, the system must contain a spectral measurement device that allows obtaining a multispectral image of the work or area to be illuminated, a light projector that allows the spectral distribution of the radiation to vary point-to-point and a processor of the information it calculates what is the spectral distribution and amount of energy necessary to achieve the selected objectives with the highest possible accuracy. Therefore, the system must consist of at least the following components (figure 1):
    Light source (2)
    Detector system (3) of the reflected spectrum point to point.
    Filters (4) band of selection of the frequencies under study (emission and reception of the reflected light). Microprocessor (5) or other type of programmable logic unit.
    When it is desired to consider the damage to the work as a priority magnitude, it must be parameterized according to the wavelength (A), for example as defined by the CIE (International Lighting Commission) or explained in more detail in the article (Santiago Mayorga Pinilla, Daniel Vázquez, Antonio Álvarez Fernández
     11-24-2016
    Balbuena, Carmen Muro, Javier Muñoz "Spectral damage model for lighted museum paintings: Gil, acrylic and Gouache", Journal of Cultural Heritage, 2016) which is incorporated into this application by reference.
    5 t O The damage to the work of art depends on the energy absorbed and is a function of the energy absorbed and the sensitivity of the material (constant for all wavelengths). As transmittance is generally assumed to be nil, although it may not be the case in some works of art with transparent elements, the energy absorbed at each point is a function of the reflectance of the material at each point and for each wavelength.
    Now we consider the contrast of the motif, whose spectral reflectance at a point PC, j) 'where the indices (i, D indicate the position of the pixel in the image, is PcO ..). Yes
    fifteen Let us define as d ((, a}) the distance in the chromatic space, for example in the CIELab system, which exists between the point (i, j) illuminated by an ideal illuminant, here referred to as a, and the calculated illuminant. from the point of view of the chromatic reproduction it consists in obtaining an illuminant that has the minimum value 'bl d (a) pOSI eed U, j)'
    20 25 Figure 2 shows an example of the system that incorporates a detector system (3) formed by a CCD camera (coupled charging device) used for the geometric registration between the image of the light source (2) and that through filters (4) Spectral allows the acquisition of information on the spectral reflectance, and the image of the work (1) of art. The acquisition of multispectral information is carried out through a specific system for this task that could be unique for several devices since it can work independently. The lighting is done point by point to be able to perfectly identify each illuminated point and its reflectance, without contamination of the adjacent ones.
    30 If what is of interest is to highlight a certain area of the work that is on a background of spectral reflectance pp (A) should highlight as much as possible the reason highlighted against the background. To do this we would introduce a new magnitude d; ~~, to which
    35 we will call "color contrast", which we define as the distance in a suitable color representation space between the color stimulus associated with the motif and the one that the background presents when both are illuminated with a lighting a.
    Similarly, we can define other magnitudes that are relevant in each particular case. Suppose we identify a total of n significant quantities, which we will call M1, M2, ..., Mn (M1 = Dmg and M2 = d: ~ ;, .... Mn = ...).
    These magnitudes will be maximized or minimized depending on the design criteria initially defined, which will imply a hierarchy that prioritizes them and gives them a specific weight with which a functional F = F is created (M1, M2, ..., Mn) . Maximization
    or minimization of this functional will ultimately provide the optimal spectral distribution 10 of the optimal illuminant for each point of the work.
    Application example
    In an exemplary case such as the lighting of a cave painting, a light source (2) consisting of three LEO devices (red, green and blue, respectively designated with subscripts 1, 2 and 3) is used. Its spectral distribution is
    SIA) = I KjL¡ (A) (Ec. 1)
    j "l
    where Li A} is the spectral irradiance distribution of the jth Led. The parameters that condition the illumination optimization are the constants Kj to be determined at the end of the process.
    At each point, with the necessary precision, the spectral reflectances of the pigment and the stone that make up the bottom, pJ) ') and pp ().) Respectively, are measured.
    25 The first magnitude to be considered, the damage (M1 = Dmg), is obtained by introducing the spectral distribution (Eq. 1) in the expression of the damage. The second magnitude is the color contrast (M2 = d: ~~). In lighting cave paintings it is desirable that
    the color presented by the illuminated object is as close as possible to the one perceived by the original authors. If we assume that they observed his work under the lighting
    30 of a torch, we can consider that the color closest to the original would be that obtained by lighting with the distribution of a black body at the temperature T a = 1850 K. Taking this fact into account, we define a third magnitude: distance, gives , between the perceived color stimulus when lighting the paint with the torch and that perceived when lighting it with the spectral distribution mentioned. That is, to design the illuminant we have
    35 entered n = 3 magnitudes (M3 = d,).
    The design criteria applied will, in order of importance, minimize the damage, then highlight the paint with respect to the background (maximize the contrast d; ~~) and finally
    that the color obtained by the pigment be the closest to the primitive (minimize da).
    If priority multiples are given to each magnitude, a linear functional is obtained. If greater importance is given to reducing the damage and maximizing the contrast, a quadratic dependence of the magnitudes Dmg and d can be given; ~~ and reduce the importance of
    distance is given by a square root. (Ec. 2)
    (Ec. 3)
    The minimization of these functionalities (the contrast is with a negative value) will provide us with two sets of values for the constants Kj in the expression (Ec 1), thus obtaining two different illuminants.
    Other functionalities are possible, for example by combining linear and exponential parts, or any other suitable operation according to the criteria considered.
    From this expression the damage can be calculated, while the distances d: ~~ and d are calculated in the CIELAB space as any expert in colorimetry knows.
    In order to analyze the functional ones, one of the constants of (Ec 1) is taken as the unit (for example K3) and the functional ones are calculated for the different values of K, and K2. Figure 4A shows the graphs obtained (Ec 2 left, Ec 3 right). The solution to minimization when an illuminance level of 40 Ix is imposed is shown in Figure 4B, which represents the spectral distribution of the illuminators obtained by minimizing the functional 1 (left) and 2 (right))
    In the first case the color obtained for the pigment is practically the same as that obtained by lighting with a torch (da = 3.3) and the contrast between the pigment and the stone is appreciable (d: ~~ = 11.5). The second illuminant presents a much more greenish tone. In this case the color stimulus obtained for the pigment differs substantially from that obtained by lighting with a torch (da = 23.8) and the
    contrast is greater than with the first illuminant (d: ~~ = 15.9). The damage that occurs
    5 about the painting is very similar in both cases. Obviously these twoilluminating would provide effects on color perception very different from each other,but both are valid to illuminate the painting under study. The choice of one or the otherIt depends on the end user of the lighting system.
    权利要求:
    Claims (3)
    [1]
    1-Procedure for selecting lighting on polychrome surfaces, characterizedbecause it includes the stages of:5 define lighting criteria and parameterize the criteria according to thewavelength;
    perform the measurement of the spectral reflectance p (A) at each point of the polychrome surface as a function of the wavelength; select the spectral frequency distribution that optimizes the criteria in
    10 each point of the work (1).
    2-Procedure according to claim 1, wherein the lighting criteria comprise minimizing radiation damage to the polychrome surface.
    15 3-Procedure according to claim 1, wherein the lighting criteria comprise minimizing the color contrast between the perceived and the existing in the original conditions of creation.
    4-Method according to claim 1, wherein the lighting criteria 20 comprise the change of the light or color contrast of certain parts of the object.
    [5]
    5. Procedure according to claim 1, wherein the lighting criteria comprise the creation of dynamic effects that may attract the attention of the 25 observers.
    [6]
    6. Procedure according to claim 1, wherein the lighting criteria comprise the development of different lighting scenes in different conditions that allow the observer to appreciate different qualities of the object such as
    30 highlight the texture or reproduce the color under different lighting conditions.
    7-System for executing the lighting selection procedure according to any of claims 1 to 6, comprising a light source (2), a detector system
    35 (3) of the reflected spectrum point to point, and a microprocessor (5) or the like.
    8-System according to claim 7, wherein the detector system (3) comprises at least one CCD or CMOS camera.
    9-System according to claim 7, wherein the light source is a plurality of 5 monochrome LEDs.
    10-System, according to claim 7, having filters (4) selection band of the frequencies under study.
    10 11-Lighting device comprising at least one light source characterized in that it illuminates point to point with the spectral distribution obtained by the method of any of claims 1 to 6 by applying coefficients to several different light sources or applying band pass filters
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    同族专利:
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